Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) are the smallest of the pinniped species and are known for their distinctive ringed shaped markings on their fur. Ringed seals live in the Artic sea ice and the North Pacific Ocean, as far south as Japan! They have short snouts and small foreflippers with sharp claws used to cut breathing holes into the sea ice. With their adorable appearance belying the wide range of abilities they withhold, these adaptable creatures can thrive on the treacherous challenges of the Artic with great resilience and unmatched power. So, how are ringed seals adapted to survive in the icy Artic waters?
Seals possess a dense double- layered coat of fur. The outer layer functions as a water- repellent barrier to preventing water from reaching the skin. Like a waterproof jacket, the dryness after swimming will avoid excess heat loss from the wet fur and help maintain their body temperature.
For further insulation, seals are able to conserve heat and stay warm through thick layers of blubber. Due to the high thermal conductivity of water, heat will be extracted from the body and animals wouldn’t be able to survive in the cold ocean. Therefore, blubber is essential for all marine mammals. The relatively low thermal conductivity of fat (adipose) tissue will provide insulation for the internal organs. As the double layered fur of seals repel water, these layers of fat under the skin can then act as a warm toasty blanket.
Now, let’s talk about those sleek bodies. Ringed seals have evolved to have a streamline body shape that cut through the water like butter. As the high viscosity of water creates drag when swimming, this torpedo-like shape will reduce the drag so that the seals can swim quickly through the water. Seals live in a harsh environment; therefore, speed is important to catch their prey and avoid predators.
Furthermore, ringed seals have excellent hunting skills. With both a keen sense of smell and hearing, they can locate their prey in the dark and even in the murky Artic waters. They can even dive to depths of up to 90 meters and remain underwater for up to 45 minutes. This is because seals have adapted to use oxygen efficient, which resulted in their amazing breath holding ability.
Ultimately, the adaptations of ringed seals represent the world of Artic resilience and evolution. As the Artic undergoes drastic changes from climate change, with decreasing sea ice and shifting ecosystems, there could be increased pressure on animals to adapt or face new challenges. Fortunately, this example of nature’s adaptability may bring a spark of hope in the face of ongoing environmental changes. From their specialized fur, blubber, to the streamlined bodies gliding through the icy waters, seals are showcasing inspiring solutions that are tailored for survival in the harshest climates.
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