Have you ever heard someone say that learning a new language is like fitness training for the brain? Or have you ever thought of other reasons to start learning a new language apart from increasing the chances of getting a good job or being able to travel around the world? We are all aware that our human capacity for learning languages makes us unique compared to any other animal on the planet. But do we actually know what happens to our brain when we are learning a new language?
Understanding and speaking another language does more than facilitate communication; it can actually change how our brain works and, ultimately, make us more well-rounded people. Sofia Sayers, a linguist, compares language learning to a puzzle or a code that needs to be cracked. “You start with a handful of words, and then you begin stringing together bits and pieces until it conveys an image in someone else’s mind. For the brain, the power of constant recall and sentence formulation helps with memory and creativity, and for every word or phrase mastered comes a new connection in the brain.”
As a result of globalization, there has been an increase in bilingualism and multilingual societies. Through languages, we can communicate our thoughts and feelings, share information and build relationships with people around us. Consequently, more than half of the world's population is actively learning or speaking a second language.
One of the major misconceptions of language learning is that in order to experience the cognitive benefits of the learning process, you must learn a second language at a young age. Recent research, however, highlights that adult language learners experience the same cognitive benefits as children.
For one thing, bilinguals outperform monolinguals on tests of selective attention and multitasking. Selective attention can be measured by what is called the “Stroop Test, ” in which individuals look at a list of color names written in different colors. The task is to name the colors that words are printed in, rather than say the word itself. Because we read automatically, it can be difficult to ignore the word “blue” and report that it is printed in green. Bilinguals perform better on the Stroop Test, as well as other measures of selective attention.
When you are learning a new language, your brain literally becomes stronger because the integrity of the white matter increases. Its duty is to allow messages to travel fast and efficiently across the nerve network and to the brain. Eventually, you strengthen the white matter of your brain, which can delay dementia symptoms by more than four years. And while dementia may seem far off, we can think about learning a new language as an investment in our health and future.
Additionally, during the language learning process, you have to overcome many psychological barriers and get past the insecurity of attempting something new. However, once you overcome the negativity, learning a new language can offer immediate rewards. When you learn a new word, you can use it immediately to communicate, translate, or understand a part of your favorite song. These rewards go a long way towards boosting your confidence and self-awareness.
All in all, multilinguals are more creative and divergent thinkers than monolinguals. From improved memory and problem-solving skills to enhanced mental flexibility and focus, there is no doubt that learning a new language can have a profound impact on cognitive development.
Bibliography
How does learning a second language impact the brain and cognitive ability?- https://www.berlitz.com/blog/education/how-does-learning-a-second-language-impact-the-brain-and-cognitive-ability
Need a New Hobby? Learning Another Language Is Like Fitness Training for Your Brain- https://www.realsimple.com/cognitive-benefits-of-learning-second-language-7109650
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